The Earth System
Diagram of the Earth System
Schematic of the Climate System
Earth's increasing 'average' temperature since 1865
CO2, methane, and earth's temperature from ice cores
 

Electromagnetic Radiation
Electromagnetic Radiation: Type vs. Wavelength
The Solar Spectrum at Sea Level
 

Temperature and Latent Heat
Temperature Scales
Water Vapor Pressure Diagram
Water and Latent Heat
The Ozone Layer and UV
Atmospheric Temperature Profile
 

Energy Balance - Input
The Blackbody Spectrum and Visible Light
Variation of Intensity and Peak Wavelength with Temperature
Earth's Shadow Area
 

Energy Balance - Infrared
The Greenhouse Effect
The Composition of Air
Infrared Active Gases in the Earth's Atmosphere
 

Circulation and Atmospheric Motions
Energy Balance vs. Latitude
Vertical Motions in the Atmosphere
Adiabatic Lapse Rates (wet and dry)
The Sea Breeze
The Coriolis Force
Planetary ('Rossby') Waves
Earth's General Circulation
 

The Climate System
Annual Energy Budget
The Hydrologic Cycle
A Thermostat: Simple Feedback
The Atmospheric Abundance of CO2
Annual Ranges of Temperatures over Oceans and Land
 

Properties of Water
A Microscopic Look at Bonding in Water
Latent Heat and Density of Pure Water
Volume of Pure Water vs. Temperature
Absorption of Sunlight vs. Depth in Water
Density of Water vs. Salinity and Temperature
 

Properties of the Earth's Oceans
Average Temperature of Ocean Surface Water
A Map of the Earth's Oceans and Continents
A View of the Earth's Oceans and Continents from North and South Poles
Area of Earth's Surface that is Covered by Land and Water
The Pycnocline, Thermocline, and Halocline
A Cross Section of the Atlantic Ocean - temperature and salinity
Cross Section of Large Scale Circulation in the Atlantic Ocean
Cross Sections of the Pacific and Indian Oceans - temperature and salinity
Salinity of surface ocean waters vs. net evaporation
Salinity of the Earth's Surface Waters (in parts per thousand)
Annual Effective Evaporation at the Oceans' Surface
 

Ocean Circulation
Surface Currents in the Arctic Ocean
The Gereral Atmospheric Circulation that Drives Oceanic Circulation
Surface Currents of the Earth's Oceans
Names of the Oceans' Surface Currents
Ekman Transport
Deep Water Formation in the North Atlantic Ocean
The Thermohaline Circulation ("conveyor belt")

Continental Drift
Composition of Earth's Crust
History of Earth's Continents - Part I
History of Earth's Continents - Part II

Probing Earth's Interior
Relationship of Epicenter, Focus and Fault
P-Waves and S-Waves
Travel of S Waves and P Waves
Propagation of Seismic Waves through Earth
Earthquake propagation
Structure and Earth's Interior

The Theory of Plate Tectonics
Sea Floor Spreading and Transform Fault
Seafloor Spreading and Magnetic Reversals
Earthquakes Ring of Fire
Earthquake Locations and Plate Boundaries
Hot Spots and Plates
Types of Plate Boundaries
Continental Plates I
Continental Plates II
Evolution of a Continent
Mid Ocean Ridges and Deep Sea Trenches
Cross Section of Mid-Ocean Rift
Age of Sea Floor
Rifting
Formation of a Sea
Subduction
Isostasis

Carbon Cycle
Oil and Energy
Carbon Cycle
Carbon Cycle II
Geological Cycle